A government that is clean of corruption and a good state apparatus is everyone's dream. This is what has been exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad SAW as head of state in Medina with his officials fifteen centuries ago. How does the Prophet build a government that is free from corruption?
First, the Prophet has instilled faith and devotion to his friends. Especially for those appointed to be government officials. It was instilled in them not to do ghulul (cheating). Abu Ubaid al Qasim in his book, Al Amwal, wrote a hadith in the sub-chapter "Obligations to Be Fair and Prohibition of Making Cheating for Zakat Collectors". The hadith reads, the Messenger of Allah said: "A person who commits tyranny and fraud in zakat, then he is the same as someone who refuses to pay zakat."
In another hadith, he said from Muadz bin Jabbal: The Messenger of Allah sent me to Yemen. After I left, he sent other people to follow me. I returned home. The Messenger of Allah asked me, 'Do you know, why did I send people to catch up with you? Do not take anything (for personal gain) without my permission. It is cheating, and whoever cheats, on the Day of Judgment he will be raised in the condition of bearing the burden of cheating. For this reason you call me, and now depart to carry out your duty. "(Narrated by at-Tirmidzi)
Ghulul assets are assets obtained from the trustees (governors), the ‘amil (regional heads at the level of mayors / regents) and state employees in a way that is not shar'i. Either they get from the property (property) of the state or from the property (property) of the community. Every asset they get by utilizing their position, power or employment status - both assets come from state assets and individual assets - then the property is considered to be ghulul (fraudulent), prohibited acquisition, and assets that do not belong to them. Because it is obtained in a way that is not shar'i.
Second, the Prophet only appointed officials who had capabilities. Those who are weak will not be appointed as officials. In the Book of Mukhtasar Targhib wa Tarhib Chapter of the Book of Al Qadha, Imam Ibn Hajar Al Asqalani wrote a hadith narrated by Imam Muslim. From Abu Dharr, he said: I said, "O Messenger of Allah, why did you not appoint me to be an official?" He said: Then the Prophet hit my shoulder with his hand, then said: O Abu Dhar, you are a weak person, while that position is a mandate and position is humiliation and regret on the Day of Judgment, except for those who take it with their rights and carry out their obligations. "
From Abi Mas'ud he said that the Messenger of Allah had appointed him as the official of the zakat collection. He said: O Abu Masud, leave, hopefully on the Day of Resurrection I will not find you coming in the state of your back carrying a camel shahqah who is neighing you steal. I replied, 'If so, I don't go!' He replied: 'I don't force you.' (Narrated by Abu Daud)
Third, the Prophet Muhammad forbade all forms of obtaining property in a non-shar'i manner, either through bribery (risywah), corruption (ikhtilas), gifts / grants (gratuities), brokers (samsarah), commissions (fees / 'amad)) or ways- how to get property with other tyrannies such as seizing, suppressing, coercing and misusing other positions.
It was narrated by Bukhari and Muslim from Abi Humaid as-Sa'idi who said: "The Prophet employed a man from Bani Asad. He is Ibn Atabiyyah, as a zakat collector. After carrying out his duties, Ibn Atabiyyah came to the Messenger of Allah while saying: 'I give this to you, while this (treasure) is a gift given to me.' Then Rasulullah saw stood on the pulpit, he praised Allah then said: 'A' amil we hired, then he came and said, 'I give this to you, while this is a gift that people give me'. Is it not better if he sits (only) at the house of his father / mother, then can find out whether he (will) be given a gift or not. For the sake of the One whose soul is in His hands, one of you will not get the slightest portion of the prize, except on the Day of Judgment he comes by carrying on his neck a neighing camel, or a lowing cow, or a bleating sheep. Then he raised his hands so we saw his white armpits. Then he prayed: ‘O God, have I said this? ' It was said twice. "
In another case, the Prophet Muhammad sent Abdullah bin Rawahah to Daerah Khaibar (a Jewish area which was conquered by the Muslims) to assess the harvest of the region's date palms. In accordance with the agreement, the harvest will be shared with the Khaibar Jews. When Abdullah bin Rawahah was on duty, the Jews came to him with the jewels they had collected from their wives, saying; "Jewelry is for you, but light us and give us more than half the portion". Abdullah bin Rawahah answered; "O Jews, for the sake of Allah SWT, you are the people of Allah SWT who I hate the most. What you are doing is actually encouraging me to lower you more. The bribe that you offer is an illegitimate item and the Muslims don't eat it!
This is a brief description of how the Prophet Muhammad built and led a country that was truly clean from corruption. Indonesia, if you want to be clean from corruption you can't help but totally copy the way the Prophet leads the country. God willing, this country will become a country as described in the Qur'an, baldatun thayyibatun wa rabbun ghafur.
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