Type
Saum is divided into two laws, mandatory and sunnah (recommended). Here's a more detailed explanation:
Saum is obligatory
Saum whose law is obligatory is one that must be done and will get reward, then if it is not done it will get sin. The mandatory rules are as follows:
Saum Ramadan;
Saum (because of) vows;
Saum kifarat or fine.
Saum sunnah
Saum, the law of the sunnah is saum, which if done gets a reward and if it is not done does not get sin. Saum-saum sunnah is as follows:
Saum 6 days in Shawwal in addition to Eid al-Fitr,
Saum Arafah on the 9th of Dhul-Hijah for those who do not perform the Hajj,
Saum Tarwiyah on the 8th of Dhul-Hijah for those who do not perform the Hajj,
Saum Monday and Thursday,
Saum Daud (a day of fasting, no day), aimed at emulating the fast of the Prophet David,
Saum Tasu'a (in Muharram) was carried out on the ninth day, before Saum 'Ashura
Saum 'Ashura (in Muharram) was carried out on the 10th,
Saum 3 days in the middle of the month (according to the Islamic calendar) (Yaumul Bidh), 13th, 14th, and 15th,
Saum Sya'ban (Nisfu Sya'ban) at the beginning of the middle of the month of Sha'ban,
Saum of the Haram month (Asyhurul Hurum) which is the month of Dzulkaidah, Dzulhijjah, Muharram and Rajab.
Terms and get along well
In carrying out this program there are several mandatory requirements and legal conditions that must be considered according to Islamic law.
Must mandatory conditions
Muslim,
Mindful,
Baligh (old enough),
Able to carry it out.
Legal requirements
Islam (not apostasy),
Mummayiz (can distinguish between good and bad),
Sacred from menstruation and childbirth (specifically for women),
Knowing the time of fasting.
Get along well
Islam,
Intention,
Leaving all things that cancel fasting from sunrise to sunset.
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Muslims are forbidden to roar at the following times: [1] [2]
Eid al-Fitr, namely (1 Shawwal),
The 1st of Shawwal was designated as the sacred feast of Muslims. That day is a victory day that must be celebrated with joy. Therefore, the Shari'a has stipulated that on that day it is not permissible for someone to roar to the extent of haram. Even though there is nothing to eat, it must at least cancel or not intend to do it.
Eid al-Adha, namely at (10 Dzulhijjah),
The same is true on the 10th of Zulhijjah as the second holiday for Muslims. The day is forbidden to roar and Muslims are sacrificed to slaughter Qurban animals and distribute them to the poor and relatives and families. So that everyone can share the joy of eating the sacrificial animals and celebrating the big day.
Tasyrik days, namely at 11, 12, and 13 Dzulhijjah,
A bad day, which is at 30 Syaban,
Saum forever,
Women during menstruation or childbirth,
Saum sunnah for women without her husband's permission.
Then the makruh time to roar is when it is set aside on Friday, [3] [4] without being interspersed before or after.
Things that cancel you
Saum will cancel if;
The entry of objects (such as rice, water, cigarette smoke and so on) intentionally into the body cavity,
Having sex, [5]
Deliberately vomiting,
Intentional exit (istimna),
Menstruation (menstruation) and childbirth (childbirth), [6]
Lost mind (crazy or unconscious),
Apostate (out of Islam).
There are exceptions from all cancellers, namely eating, drinking and having sex with a person who is roaring will not cancel when someone forgets that he is roaring. [7]
People who can cancel it
The following are those who may cancel the compulsory saum (saum of Ramadan):
Must oblige
The people below, may not roar, but must replace the other day (qada), as many days left.
People who are sick, who have hope for recovery,
The person traveling far (traveler) is at least 89 km from his residence,
A pregnant person, who is worried about his condition or the baby he is carrying,
People who are breastfeeding children, who are worried about their condition or their children
Men who are menstruating (menstruating), giving birth to children and childbirth,
People who cancel it with something that cancels it other than having sex,
Must oblige and obligatory fidyah
The people below are not obliged to qada (replace one another on another day), but must pay fidyah, which is to feed the poor every day that he does not ersaum, in the form of 1 basic meal (576 grams),
A sick person who has no hope will heal,
Old people who are very weak and not strong are roaring.
Obligatory to mengqadha and kifarat
The person who cancels saum is obliged by intercourse, is obliged to do kifarat and qadha. Kifarat is freeing the believing slave. If there are no dangerous servants who are believers, it is obligatory to sacrifice two months in a row (besides qadha 'replacing the day left behind), if it cannot, it must feed 60 poor people, each one mud (576 grams) in the form of staple food .
Virtue and wisdom
Virtue
The worship of Ramadhan which is obliged by Allah to every believer is worship which is intended to slave to Allah as stated in a surah in the Qur'an, which reads:
"O ye who believe, are obliged upon you to roar as required of the people before you so that you fear, (Al-Baqarah 2: 183)"
The virtue according to the Islamic Shari'a is that those who roar will pass through a door of heaven called Rayyan, [8] and other virtues are that Allah will keep his face away from hellfire, as far as 70 years of travel. [9]
Wisdom
The wisdom of worship itself is to train people to be patient in living life. The patient intentions stated in the Koran are persistent and resilient as referred to in Ali ‘Imran / 3: 146. Among the wisdom and benefits other than being a cautious person are as follows:
Education / spiritual practice,
Educate the soul to be able to control themselves
Educating lust so that it is not always spoiled and obeyed,
Educate the soul to be able to hold the mandate as well as possible,
Educate patience and fortitude.
Improvement of association
People who roar will feel all the hardships of the poor who suffer from hunger and lack. Thus there will arise a sense of helpfulness to people who suffer.
Health
Ramadan worship will bring benefits to spiritual and physical health if the implementation is in accordance with the guidelines that have been set, if not then the results are not that much, instead maybe our worship is useless.
"Son of Adam, wear your beautiful clothes in every mosque, eat and drink, and don't overdo it. Verily, Allah does not like those who are exaggerated. (Al-A'afa 7:31)
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